Subject + (be) + being + the past participle
They are being punished because they were talking in class while the teacher was talking.
This is happening right now. The teacher is punishing them (the students). The main verb is "punish." It's a regular verbs so the past participle adds "ed" to the simple form of the verb.
punish / punished / punished
In the United States, punishment of a student takes the form of a detention. Students might come in after school and clean the room or the blackboards for the teacher. (We can't hit the kids here--which I think is a good thing!)
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